In research related to neuroscience and behavior, the study of the role of neurotransmitters, membrane receptors, enzyme cascades and in general the study of the role of molecules and genes are of great importance. In this regard, after the intervention of the researcher, such as exercise, insomnia, stroke, enriched environment, special medication or any other intervention; The researcher examines the behavioral changes in the animal and evaluates the relationship between these molecular and behavioral changes by examining changes in the expression of genes or changes in the production of different neurotransmitters and proteins. Molecular biology techniques are used to study the transcription and expression of genes, to study the expression of proteins, and to increase or silence the expression of genes. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR (real-time) techniques are used to evaluate the transcription of genes. Immunoblotting methods including dot blot, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and ELISA are used to evaluate the expression of proteins. Gene cloning techniques and lentiviral vectors can induce increased expression or silencing of gene expression.